一则关于欣赏和感恩的故事 | A TRIBES Appreciation Story

 

“我赞赏我自己,因为我很厉害”

 

 

 

本文感谢来自明诚学校的英语老师Andy Wardle老师和Victoria Wong老师的撰写记录,他们都曾在清华附中国际部任教,也非常感谢陈开航老师和邬娟老师的翻译与帮助。
 
 
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文尾附明诚学校开放日信息

1月15日(中学)&16日(幼儿园及小学)

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从小学高年级到初中,家长们问的最多的问题之一就是“孩子进入青春期了,越来越自我了,怎么办?”

 

根据美国心理学家埃里克森的经典发展心理学人生八阶段理论:

 

从12岁到18岁,孩子进入了青春期。一方面由于生理的发展,青少年的本能冲动高涨,会带来一系列问题;另一方面,青少年因为要面临新的社会要求和社会的冲突,会感到困扰和混乱。

 

所以,按照埃里克森的理论,人在青少年期的主要任务就是建立同一感。换言之,就是找到自己在别人眼中的形象,以及自己在社会集体中所占的情感位置。

 

这一阶段的核心问题,就是自我同一性和角色混乱的冲突。

 

埃里克森认为,在每一个心理社会发展阶段中,解决了核心问题之后所产生的人格特质,都包括了积极与消极两方面的品质,如果各个阶段都保持向积极品质发展,就可以说完成了这阶段的任务,逐渐实现了健全的人格,否则就会产生心理社会危机,出现情绪障碍,形成不健全的人格。

 

正是为了帮助学生更好地度过青春期,找到自己在集体中的位置和身份,发展好自己的自我统一性,在明诚学校,我们正在6到8年级的教学中,推广部落式教学法TRIBES。

 

【部落式教学法TRIBES】是指通过教室内活动、反思性提问和小组合作等方式,帮助学生学习、体验和实践一系列核心理念和价值观,从而促进学生的社交情感发展和学业进步的一种教学方法。

 

截止目前,我们已经在教师培训、英语人文课、六年级晨会和全校大会上应用了部落式教学法。

 

通过部落式教学法中的集体活动,我们为青少年的孩子们营造一个他们需要的“部落感”,在部落中,他们会有冲突,也正是在冲突中他们摸索出自己的形状,也学会尊重他人的形状。

 

部落教学法中,学会赞赏他人是孩子们需要做的一件很重要的事。

 

下面,我们会先请大家一起来读一个由Wardle老师讲述,真实地发生在我们的部落式教学法课堂中的故事,希望大家读完后,就好像自己也身临其境地在明诚学校上了一节课,体会到在“明诚部落”中成长,健康度过青春期,实现自我同一性的美妙感觉。

 
 
I leaned forward in my chair behind my desk and glanced towards the slightly crooked clock that was situated to the left of the blackboard.
我坐在讲台后面的椅子上,身体前倾,然后望向黑板左上方那块略微挂歪了的时钟。
 
9:50. Time for recess.
9点50分。课间休息时间到了。
 
 
“Ok, don’t forget your reading notes for Monday. Have a great weekend!” I exclaimed, standing up from the chair and turning to my work area.
我站起来,转身走向我的办公桌。跟大家说道:“好了,今天就到这里,大家别忘了周一交读书笔记。周末愉快!” 
 
As I started to arrange the papers and notes that I had used for the class, I noticed that the  three seventh graders that make up 100% of this particular class, neither began to pack up their things, nor seemed like they were still working. Instead, they were all just staring in my direction, motionless.
这个班很特别,由于个性化的分层,一共有三名学生,都是七年级的。当我开始整理文件和笔记,突然发觉这三名学生既没有动手收拾自己的书本,也不像是在做功课,而是齐刷刷地望着我,一动也不动。
 
 
“It’s 9:50, you can go take your break now,” I reiterated, hoping they would suddenly spring into action.
于是,我跟他们重复道:“现在已经9点50分了,大家可以下课休息了。” 内心满以为他们会立刻跳起来跑出去休息。
 
No movement.
但他们还是坐在座位上看着我。
 
Instead, Tom, who was sitting at on the far end seat from my desk, declared “You forgot about appreciations!”
就在这时,离讲台最远的Tom大声对我说: “你忘了做赞赏!”
 
 
 
The other two students nodded in agreement, and despite the cold weather that had been rapidly descending upon on us here in Beijing, I immediately felt a little warmer.
另外两名学生点头表示同意。此时,虽然窗外北京冬日的严寒正在逼近,我心底却泛起了一股暖流。
 
You see, as part of the integration of TRIBES into my classroom and my teaching, I end every class with a community circle, in which everyone either gives an appreciation or tells us something that they have learned in class that day. 
在我的课堂和教学之中,一直都是贯彻部落式学习理念,每次课程结束时,我们都会有一个社区发言环节。在这个环节,每位同学会对他人进行赞赏,或者告诉大家自己在当天的课上学到了什么。
 
 
By providing this time to appreciate each other and themselves, we foster a positive and collaborative learning environment in which students and their peers feel valued. Today, however, I had forgotten.
通过这种形式,我们建立起了一个积极与协作的学习环境,让每位同学都能感受到来自他人的重视。但是今天,我却把这件事儿给忘了。
 
“Oh, I forgot, thanks for reminding me. Why don’t you start,Tom?” I replied smiling, trying to contain my joy at the fact that they not only wanted to remind me, but genuinely wanted to give appreciations instead of running off as quickly as they could to take their break.
其实,我的内心是喜悦的,因为我能看出来,他们没有一下课就迫不及待地跑去休息,不仅仅是想提醒我忘了做赞赏这件事,而是真心地想赞赏自己身边的人。我努力抑制这种喜悦,微笑着说:“哦,我差点儿忘了。谢谢你提醒我,Tom,那就从你开始吧!”
 
“I appreciate myself for making some good notes today, and I appreciate Mr. Wardle for teaching us different ways to write a lead for our story,” Tom said enthusiastically, furthering my feelings of Tom.
Tom热情洋溢地说:“我赞赏我自己今天笔记做得好,我还赞赏Wardle先生教会了我们用不同的方法给故事写导语,”听了之后,我感觉心里更暖了。
 
“Nice, Tom, it’s always good to appreciate yourself when you do something well,” I stated. “And, it’s always good to appreciate me,” I added, laughing and only half joking, “How about you, Maria?”
我肯定道:“特别好,Tom,当你把一件事做得很棒的时候,完全可以赞赏自己。” 我又半开玩笑地补充:“当然,赞赏老师一直都是个不错的选择”,“那你呢,Maria?”
 
 
Clearly considering her options, Maria slowly moved her eyes around the room, eventually looking back towards me. “I appreciate Tom for the feedback he gave me; it will help me to improve my personal narrative,” she said confidently.
Maria环顾四周,显然是在考虑到底要把这个赞赏给谁。最后她看向我说:“我赞赏Tom给我的写作反馈,他的意见能帮助我写出更好的个人叙事”,这一刻她自信满满。
 
 
“Wow! That is a great appreciation. I’m sure that makes Tom feel good,” I said sincerely, almost forgetting how cold my fingers had been on the scooter ride to work.
“哇!这是个很好的赞赏,想必Tom现在心里一定很高兴。”而我心底的那股暖意已经流遍了全身,几乎忘了早上骑小电驴来学校时,风吹得有多冷。
 
Tom nodded.  
Tom赞同地点了点头。
 
“Linda, last but not least, give us an appreciation please”.
“最后也请Linda给出她的赞赏。”
 
Linda gave her usual beaming smile, “First, I appreciate myself for being awesome.”
Linda露出了她一贯的灿烂笑容:“首先,我要赞赏我自己,因为我很厉害。”
 
We all let out a little giggle.
她的发言激起了一阵欢笑。
 
“Second, I appreciate Maria for letting me read her story, and I appreciate Tom for reminding me what homework was due today,” Linda continued, still grinning from ear to ear.
Linda脸上依然挂着大大的笑容,继续说道:“还有,我赞赏Maria让我看她写的故事。我还要赞赏Tom提醒我今天要交的作业。” 
 
 
 
“That’s great. I appreciate all of you for staying and reminding me that we had forgotten to give appreciations” I said, now almost feeling too warm in my extra layers.
“太棒了!我赞赏所有同学,你们主动留下来提醒我今天忘了做赞赏。” 我心底那股暖流又涌了起来,我觉得自己今天衣服穿得太厚了。
 

The three of them finally began to collect their books and pens, stood up from their desks, and headed out of the classroom, each wishing me a nice weekend.  
赞赏全部结束后,他们三人终于心满意足地收拾书本,拿好东西,走出教室。每个人离开时都不忘对我说一句周末愉快。 
 
 
 
As they exited, I thought to myself that it is these moments that confirm to me that the TRIBES learning process is both effective and important. 
看着他们一个个走出教室,我心想,正是这样的时刻让我们清楚地看到了部落式学习的效果和重要性。
 
This is just one small part of the TRIBES learning process that I implement into my classroom, but the value is evidently clear, in terms of students’ self-esteem, their relationships with one another, and in creating a positive learning environment.
这个小故事只是我们开展部落式学习的一个小小缩影,但其价值是显而易见的。不论是对于培养学生的自尊,建立友好的同学关系,还是创建积极的学习环境,部落式学习都有着极大的意义。
 
This isn’t the only time I have forgotten the community circle, and it isn’t the only time the seventh graders have reminded me that we need to give appreciations.
其实,我有几次都忘了课后的社区发言环节,但每次学生们都会提醒我:我们都需要给予赞赏。
 
When I left work that day, I don’t think I even needed to put on my winter jacket.
那一天,当我下班回家时,整个人都感觉暖融融的,身上的冬衣似乎都有些多余了。
 
 

下面是由英语项目负责人,也是部落式教学的培训老师Wong老师关于部落式教学的整体设计。

 
 
TRIBES in Our Community
Building a Positive School Environment
社区中的部落式教学
构建积极的校园环境
 
Middle school is a crucial stage of adolescent development. Students are learning to navigate how to socialize with others, how to communicate with peers and how to have a more mature relationship with adults. 
初中是青少年成长与发展的一个重要阶段。在初中时期,青少年会学习如何与他人交往,如何与同龄人沟通,以及如何与成年人建立更为成熟的关系。
 
 
Adolescents, aged 10-15, require support to achieve their essential developmental tasks: autonomy and independence, social competency, meaning and purpose, and the right to solve problems on their own. 
10-15岁的青少年需要得到相应的支持来帮助其完成核心的个体发展任务,其中包括培养自主性和独立性、社交能力、自我意义和目标,还有给予他们独立解决问题的空间。
 
Establishing a strong foundation in these abilities will aid them in success, in high school and adulthood. 
在这些方面打下坚实的基础能有效地帮助青少年在高中阶段的成长和成年后的发展。
 
School’s that understand the nature and essential needs of growing adolescents, transform the culture of the school into a caring learning environment, that fosters the growth of the whole child, not just the child’s academics.
学校只有真正理解青少年成长的本质和基本需求,才能构建出充满关怀的学习环境和校园文化,并促进个体全方位的成长,而不仅仅是学业成绩的提升。
 
It is with this knowledge in mind that we have begun teaching our students the “responsive ongoing teaching process” called TRIBES. 
正是基于这种认知,我们在教学中实施了“持续响应式教学法”,也就是“部落式教学”的理念。
 
By teaching students, the TRIBES Agreements, we instill an expectation, that our school is a positive learning culture. 
并且,我们还有相应的“部落式教学公约”。我们所期望的是,校园会是一个积极的学习社区。
 
We want students to understand that their individual actions and behaviors impact their peers and the school community as a whole. Their voice and actions have power, it can build people up, or tear people down. 
我们所期望的是,校园会是一个积极的学习社区,希望学生们明白,他们的每一个行动和行为都会影响身边的同伴和整个校园社区;他们一言一行都会产生对外界的作用力——这种作用力既可以赞赏和成就他人,也可以贬损和打击他人。
 
 
 
Through TRIBES we show students how to use that power in a positive way, to take pride in their school and support others.  
通过部落式教学,我们向每位学生展示如何以积极的方式来使用这种力量,为自己所在的校园和社区而自豪,并积极支持和成就他人。
 
There are four TRIBES Community Agreements: Appreciations- No Put Downs, Right to Participate, Attentive Listening and Mutual Respect. 
我们的“部落式教学公约”一共有四项,分别是:赞赏而非贬损他人,参与的权利,专注聆听,相互尊重。
 
 
Using these agreements, a safe space is created, where our students are able participate not only intellectually but also socially and emotionally.
通过这四项公约,我们建立了一个安全的学习空间。在这里,学生们不仅能提升智识,更能充分发展其社交和情感能力。
 
The active teaching of these principles encourages everyone in the community to  develop their collaborative skills and to engage in meaningful participation.
基于这些原则而建立的积极教学模式,能够帮助社区中的个体培养合作技能并促使其真正参与到社区中来。  
 
 
 
“I like my neighbor that is wearing glasses.”
“我欣赏那位戴眼镜的同学。”
 
“I like my neighbor that loves spaceships.”
“我欣赏那位痴迷于宇宙飞船的同学。” 
 
“I like my neighbor that sometimes feels tired after a long day at school.”
“我欣赏那位上完一天学后有时会觉得有点儿累的同学。”
 
Teaching the four agreements is not a dull process. In fact, it often involves games. It could best be described as team building for adolescents. 
在跟学生讲解“部落式教学四项公约”时,我们不会用枯燥的理论去灌输,而是以游戏的方式,这就更像是一个针对青少年的团队建设活动。
 
 
Playing games and having fun together, is a big part of TRIBES! 
一起玩游戏和享受其中的乐趣,也是部落式教学的一个重要组成部分!
 
But its not the most important part, it’s the moments that come after the games, the reflection and appreciation, where the real community learning happens. 
不过话说回来,游戏并不是部落式教学中最重要的部分。真正的社区学习其实是发生在游戏结束之后,也就是我们的反思和赞赏环节。

A student states, “I appreciate Tom, for explaining the game to me when I was a little confused.”
比如一位同学会说:“我欣赏和感恩Tom,本来我还不太明白这个游戏是怎么玩的,是他解释给我听的。”
 
“I learned that if we listen to each other, and let everyone talk, we can get the task done quicker,” another student might say.
另一位同学可能会说:“我学会了一件事,只要让每个人都说出自己的观点,并互相倾听对方的意见,我们就能更快地完成任务。”
 
You might hear the teacher ask, “And how can we use what we learned today in our other classes, in our own group projects?”
而老师可能会问大家:“那我们要如何在别的课堂或者小组项目中应用我们今天学到的东西呢?”
 
 
This ongoing dialogue that reflects back on the Community Agreements is where the learning takes place. It is at these moments that students receive encouragement from their peers, learn their value in the community, think about the needs of others and learn strategies on how to be more effective collaborative learners.
从这些持续的对话中我们可以看出:社区公约正是学习的核心环节。正是这些学习环节,让孩子们从同伴那里得到鼓励,理解自身在社区中的价值,思考他人的需求,并掌握如何有效开展合作式学习。
 

 

As educators, we know that learning in an environment that is healthy, positive and safe is immensely beneficial. 

作为教育工作者,我们知道在一个健康、积极和安全的环境中学习对于个体发展是极其有益的。

By using TRIBES, we have the structure to build such a school and with this attitude, students are boundless in their exploration of knowledge. 

有了部落式教学的理念,我们在建立校园文化和学习环境时就有了依托和框架;而有了健康、积极和安全的学习环境,孩子们在探索知识的道路上才能拥有无限的动力。